Basma Al-Kiyumi (also known under Al-Keumy) is an Omani human rights defender and lawyer, recognized for her active role in advocating for civil liberties, human rights, and democratic reforms in Oman. She gained prominence as one of the leading figures in the protests that swept Oman during the February 2011 uprisings, where she advocated for political reforms and the protection of basic rights. Al-Kiyumi has faced repeated harassment and detention by Omani authorities for her peaceful activism.

On 11 June 2012, Al-Kiyumi was arrested along with approximately 20 other protestors when security forces and anti-riot police broke up a three-day demonstration in front of the General Police Headquarters in Muscat. The protestors demanded respect for human rights and the release of detained human rights defenders in Oman. Following her arrest, she was placed in administrative detention (a procedure that allows authorities to hold individuals without charge or trial) denying her access to her family and legal counsel. During her detention, Al-Kiyumi engaged in a hunger strike to protest the conditions of her imprisonment and the delay in processing her case. Reports indicated that she suffered from severe health issues, including acute respiratory distress, without receiving proper medical attention. Despite these challenges, she continued to speak out about the violations she and other detainees faced, highlighting the lack of due process and the denial of access to defense lawyers. Al-Kiyumi, alongside other detainees including Basma Al-Rajehi and Saeed Sultan Al-Hashemy, appeared in court on 25 and 27 June 2012 at the Court of First Instance in Muscat, where she was charged with gathering and blocking roads during the protest. She consistently denied the charges and testified about the mistreatment she endured during her detention. On 27 June 2012, she was released on bail pending sentencing.

On 17 March 2013, the Court of Appeal in Muscat ordered the release of detainees convicted only on charges relating to assembly, which included Al-Kiyumi. She was released on personal bail of 200 OMR (around  520 dollars).