{"id":30521,"date":"2024-10-07T02:38:46","date_gmt":"2024-10-06T23:38:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/?p=28713"},"modified":"2024-10-07T02:38:46","modified_gmt":"2024-10-06T23:38:46","slug":"mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629.[1]<\/a> \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.[2]<\/a> \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0649. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0635.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 20 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2017.[4]<\/a> \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0638\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0662\u0665 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0645.[6]<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.[7]<\/a> \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0645\u064e\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u064f\u064a\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631[9]<\/a>. \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0644\u063a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0642.[10]<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 ‘\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629’.[11]<\/a> \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0641\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>

\u062a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0637\u064a\u062e \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0646.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064d\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628.[14]<\/a> \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.[15]<\/a> \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>

\u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062f\u0647\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:

\u0628\u0627<\/strong>\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/strong>

\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong>. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.

\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong>. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621.

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong>

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong>. \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/strong>. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Udey Ismail


<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Michaelsen, M. (11 June 2022). Digital repression: Transnational reach, psychosocial Effects, and political consequences. Mobilizing Ideas<\/em>. https:\/\/mobilizingideas.wordpress.com\/2022\/06\/01\/digital-repression-transnational-reach-psychosocial-effects-and-political-consequences\/<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> Al-Jiwazi, N., & Antsis, S. (27 May 2022). The effects of digital transnational repression and the responsibility of host states. Lawfare. https:\/\/www.lawfaremedia.org\/article\/effects-digital-transnational-repression-and-responsibility-host-states<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Access Now, (1 February 2024). Between a hack and a hard place: How Pegasus Spyware crushes civic space in Jordan. https:\/\/www.accessnow.org\/publication\/between-a-hack-and-a-hard-place-how-pegasus-spyware-crushes-civic-space-in-jordan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> GCHR, (24 September 2021). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629. https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%88-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> GCHR, (22 September 2022). \u0645\u064f\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0651 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a. https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/%d9%85%d9%8f%d8%b6%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8f%d9%91-%d8%ae%d9%85%d8%b3-%d8%b3%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b5%d9%81-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%88%d8%b6%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b9\/<\/a>\u00a0 ; and GCHR, (02 August 2024) \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 84: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 . https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/uae84-trial-is-a-mockery-of-justice\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Moss, D. (2016). The ties that bind: Internet communication technologies, networked authoritarianism, and \u2018voice\u2019 in the Syrian Diaspora. Globalizations, 15<\/em>(2), 265\u2013282.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Michaelsen, M. (2020). The digital transnational repression toolkit, and its silencing effects. Freedom House<\/em>. https:\/\/freedomhouse.org\/report\/special-report\/2020\/digital-transnational-repression-toolkit-and-its-silencing-effects<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Michaelsen, M. (2020). The digital transnational repression toolkit, and its silencing effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Al-Jiwazi, N., & Antsis, S. (2022). The effects of digital transnational repression and the responsibility of host states.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Ibid; Al-Jiwazi, N., al. (2022). Emotional and psychological war: Digital transnational repression in Canada. Citizen Lab Research<\/em>. https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2022\/03\/psychological-emotional-war-digital-transnational-repression-canada\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Michaelsen, M. (2020). Silencing across borders: Transnational repression and digital threats against exiled dissidents from Egypt, Syria and Iran. HIVOS<\/em>. https:\/\/www.hivos.org\/assets\/2020\/02\/SILENCING-ACROSS-BORDERS-Marcus-Michaelsen-Hivos-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Al-Jiwazi, N., al. (Summer\/Fall 2023). Transnational repression against exiled women activists. Middle East Report.<\/em> https:\/\/merip.org\/2023\/09\/exiled-women\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> GCHR, (14, October 2019). \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%b1-%d9%8a%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%b7-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%88\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Al-Jiwazi, N., al.Transnational repression against exiled women activists.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629.[1] \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":30733,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"country":[67],"class_list":["post-30521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publication-ar","country-mena-ar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a - Gulf Centre for Human Rights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a - Gulf Centre for Human Rights\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629.[1] \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Gulf Centre for Human Rights\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gc4hr\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-10-06T23:38:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/MENABrief_udeyismail.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1928\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1240\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"GCHR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@GulfCentre4HR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@GulfCentre4HR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"GCHR\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"GCHR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2bbcdefad9a1d4fb19379a17bacfc025\"},\"headline\":\"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-06T23:38:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":414,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/MENABrief_udeyismail.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a - Gulf Centre for Human Rights\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/MENABrief_udeyismail.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-06T23:38:46+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/MENABrief_udeyismail.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/MENABrief_udeyismail.jpg\",\"width\":1928,\"height\":1240},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/\",\"name\":\"Gulf Centre for Human Rights\",\"description\":\"An independent, non-profit NGO that provides support and protection to human rights defenders\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Gulf Centre for Human Rights\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/twitter_logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/twitter_logo.jpg\",\"width\":400,\"height\":400,\"caption\":\"Gulf Centre for Human Rights\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/gc4hr\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/GulfCentre4HR\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/gchr\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/@gulfcentre4humanrights\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/gc4hr\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2bbcdefad9a1d4fb19379a17bacfc025\",\"name\":\"GCHR\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a7ecd8db063989d24484debf177eb6c546299c94cdd315e099a14ac4a1c73f4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a7ecd8db063989d24484debf177eb6c546299c94cdd315e099a14ac4a1c73f4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a7ecd8db063989d24484debf177eb6c546299c94cdd315e099a14ac4a1c73f4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"GCHR\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.gc4hr.org\\\/ar\\\/author\\\/kstockwood\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a - Gulf Centre for Human Rights","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a - Gulf Centre for Human Rights","og_description":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629.[1] \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/","og_site_name":"Gulf Centre for Human Rights","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gc4hr\/","article_published_time":"2024-10-06T23:38:46+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1928,"height":1240,"url":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/MENABrief_udeyismail.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"GCHR","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@GulfCentre4HR","twitter_site":"@GulfCentre4HR","twitter_misc":{"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629":"GCHR","\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"8 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/"},"author":{"name":"GCHR","@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/2bbcdefad9a1d4fb19379a17bacfc025"},"headline":"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a","datePublished":"2024-10-06T23:38:46+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/"},"wordCount":414,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/MENABrief_udeyismail.jpg","articleSection":["\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a"],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/","url":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/","name":"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a - Gulf Centre for Human Rights","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/MENABrief_udeyismail.jpg","datePublished":"2024-10-06T23:38:46+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/MENABrief_udeyismail.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/MENABrief_udeyismail.jpg","width":1928,"height":1240},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/mena-research-brief-the-psychological-effects-of-digital-repression-2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/","name":"Gulf Centre for Human Rights","description":"An independent, non-profit NGO that provides support and protection to human rights defenders","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/#organization","name":"Gulf Centre for Human Rights","url":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/twitter_logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/twitter_logo.jpg","width":400,"height":400,"caption":"Gulf Centre for Human Rights"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gc4hr\/","https:\/\/x.com\/GulfCentre4HR","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/gchr","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@gulfcentre4humanrights","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/gc4hr\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/2bbcdefad9a1d4fb19379a17bacfc025","name":"GCHR","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a7ecd8db063989d24484debf177eb6c546299c94cdd315e099a14ac4a1c73f4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a7ecd8db063989d24484debf177eb6c546299c94cdd315e099a14ac4a1c73f4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a7ecd8db063989d24484debf177eb6c546299c94cdd315e099a14ac4a1c73f4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"GCHR"},"url":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/author\/kstockwood\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30521","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30521"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30521\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30521"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30521"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30521"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gc4hr.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=30521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}