Fatima Saleh Al-Arwali is a Yemeni woman human rights defender and head of the Al-Habitat Organisation for Human Rights Development. On 14 August 2022, Al-Arwali was arrested by Houthi authorities in what the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention called “apparent retaliation for her promotion and protection of human rights.” In December 2023, the Specialised Criminal Court of First Instance in Sana’a issued a discretionary death penalty against Al-Arwali on arbitrary charges evidently related to her work in defending human rights, including the rights of women and children. However, her case remains ongoing.