Hamza Bani Issa is a Jordanian chemistry teacher and activist who was arrested in Irbid while distributing Gaza solidarity leaflets. He was taken to the East Irbid Security Centre, where he was severely beaten, resulting in permanent blindness in his left eye. Following his arrest, Bani Issa was referred to the State Security Court and remained in pre-trial detention for months. The treatment of Bani Issa fits within a broader pattern in which Jordanian authorities continue to rely on broadly worded Penal Code provisions on unlawful assembly and rioting (specifically Articles 64 and 168) and to use Article 149, concerning “undermining the political regime”, and Article 150, addressing “sectarian incitement”, to criminalise legitimate dissent.