Salem Mohammed Al-Mashani is a former member of the Omani Shura Council, from the Dhofar Governorate who has faced judicial harassment from the authorities due to his religious expression. In June 2024, he was arrested for participating in Eid Al-Adha prayers following the Mecca calendar (in contrast to the official announcement made by the Omani government). He was charged with inciting sectarian strife and creating division among residents. On 20 August 2024 the Salalah Court of Appeal sentenced him to two years in prison. He was also ordered to pay court costs. His case reflects a broader pattern of targeting individuals from the Al-Mashani tribe for their religious beliefs, raising serious concerns about violations of freedom of religion and belief in Oman.​